tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35494940.post1907187801949682525..comments2024-01-25T19:54:39.614+00:00Comments on Dai deserti di ghiaccio artici ai deserti di fuoco: Clima, l'Onu lancia l'allarmeGianluca Frinchilluccihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08290636656449264257noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35494940.post-76766005303262780112007-01-30T18:29:00.001+00:002007-01-30T18:29:00.001+00:00guardate che ho trovato nella rete...
Luigi
Clima...guardate che ho trovato nella rete...<br />Luigi<br /><br />Climastory:<br /> aperta a Parigi la conferenza dell’Ipcc, la Terra si riscalda oltre ogni previsione<br /> Parigi, 29 gennaio – Si è aperta oggi a Parigi il primo meeting mondiale degli esperti del Comitato intergovernativo delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici (Ipcc) con i riflettori sull’emergenza clima su tutto il Pianeta. Il cambiamento, in questi ultimi anni, e' in fase di progressiva accelerazione. Queste le conclusioni cui sarebbe arrivato l'Ipcc secondo le anticipazioni nel rapporto che verrà presentato ufficialmente venerdì a Parigi dove è cominciata questa mattina all'Unesco la riunione degli esperti dei diversi paesi che dovranno definire il rapporto sul riscaldamento del Pianeta. Secondo le indiscrezioni circolate e pubblicate sul quotidiano britannico “The Indipendent”, gli esperti prevedono da qui a fine secolo un aumento della temperatura compresa tra i 2 e i 4,5 gradi con un raddoppio delle concentrazioni di CO2 al 2100 rispetto all'era pre-industriale (550 parti per milione). Sul piatto anche un'ipotesi massima di un innalzamento di 6 gradi. Sul fronte mare, al 2100 il livello aumenterà mediamente tra i 28 ed i 43 cm nella migliore delle ipotesi. Cattive notizie per i ghiacci. La calotta polare artica (quella formata dai ghiacci galleggianti) potrebbe, nel 2100, scomparire durante i mesi estivi o comunque ridursi al 10% della attuale estensione. Drastiche riduzioni si avrebbero anche per i ghiacciai delle catene montuose poste alle medie e basse latitudini con ripercussioni sulla disponibilità di acqua nei bacini idrologici e nelle falde acquifere dipendenti da tali ghiacciai.<br />L'aumento della temperatura fa aumentare l'evaporazione di oceani e mari. Di conseguenza si infittisce nell'atmosfera la coltre di vapore acqueo, che e' un potente agente responsabile dell'effetto-serra. Dal 170 a oggi, la concentrazione di vapore acqueo e' aumentata del 4 per cento. Tutti i modelli climatici esaminati dai 2.000 esperti coinvolti nello studio indicano poi che il surriscaldamento globale indebolisce le capacita' del pianeta di assorbire l'anidride carbonica in eccesso.<br />Questo potrebbe accrescere del 44 per cento le concentrazioni di CO2 nell'atmosfera, con l'effetto di un aumento della temperatura media di 1,2 gradi in piu' del previsto nel corso del secolo.<br /><br />Leggi di seguito l’articolo pubblicato su The Indipendent<br /><br />Global Warming: The vicious circle<br /><br />By Steve Connor, Science Editor <br />Published: 29 January 2007 <br /><br />The effects of man-made emissions of carbon dioxide are being felt on every inhabited continent in the world with very different parts of the climate now visibly responding to human activity. <br />These are among the main findings of the most intensive study of climate change by 2,000 of the world's leading climate scientists. They conclude that there is now little doubt that human activity is changing the face of the planet.<br />In addition to rising surface temperatures around the world, scientists have now linked man-made emissions of greenhouse gases to significant increases in ocean temperatures, rises in sea levels and the dramatic melting of Arctic sea ice over the past 35 years.<br />A draft copy of the fourth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says that global temperature rises this century of between 2C and 4.5C are almost inevitable. Ominously, however, it also says that much higher increases of 6C "or more" cannot be ruled out.<br />The final version of the IPCC's latest report is to be published on Friday but a draft copy, seen by The Independent, makes it clear that climate change could be far worse than previously thought because of potentially disastrous "positive" feedbacks which could accelerate rising temperatures.<br />A warmer world is increasing evaporation from the oceans causing atmospheric concentrations of water vapour, a powerful greenhouse agent, to have increased by 4 per cent over the sea since 1970. Water vapour in the atmosphere exacerbates the greenhouse effect. This is the largest positive feedback identified in the report, which details for the first time the IPCC's concern over the uncertainties - and dangers - of feedback cycles that may quickly accelerate climate change.<br />All the climate models used by the IPCC also found that rising global temperatures will erode the planet's natural ability to absorb man-made CO2. This could lead to CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere rising by a further 44 per cent, causing global average temperatures to increase by an additional 1.2C by 2100. The IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report will go further than any of its three previous reports in linking the clear signs of global climate change with increases in man-made emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases since the start of the Industrial Revolution.<br />"Confidence in the assessment of the human contributions to recent climate change has increased considerably since the TAR [Third Assessment Report]," says the draft report. This is due to the stronger signs of climate change emerging from longer and more detailed records and scientific observations, it says.<br />The "anthropogenic signal" - the visible signs of human influence on the climate - has now emerged not just in global average surface temperatures, but in global ocean temperatures and ocean heat content, temperature extremes on the land and the rapidly diminishing Arctic sea ice. "Anthropogenic warming of the climate system is widespread and can be detected in temperature observations taken at the surface, in the free atmosphere and in the oceans," the draft report says. "It is highly likely [greater than 95 per cent probability] that the warming observed during the past half century cannot be explained without external forcing [human activity]."<br />The report adds that global warming over the past 50 years would have been worse had it not been for the counterbalancing influence of man-made emissions of aerosol pollutants, tiny airborne particles that reflect sunlight to cause atmospheric cooling. "Without the cooling effect of atmospheric aerosols, it is likely that greenhouse gases alone would have caused more global mean temperature rise than that observed during the last 50 years," the draft report says.<br />"The hypothetical removal from the atmosphere of the entire current burden of anthropogenic sulphate aerosol particles would produce a rapid increase of about 0.8C within a decade or two in the globally averaged temperature."<br />The IPCC says that over the coming century we are likely to see big changes to the Earth's climate system. These include:<br />* Heat waves, such as the one that affected southern Europe in summer 2003, are expected to be more intense, longer-lasting and more frequent.<br />* Tropical storms and hurricanes are likely to be stronger, with increased rainfall and higher storm surges flooding coastlines.<br />* The Arctic is likely to become ice free in the summer, and there will be continued melting of mountain glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets.<br />* Sea levels will rise significantly even if levels of CO2 are stabilised. By 2100 sea levels could be 0.43 metres higher on average than present, and by 2300 they could be up to 0.8 metres higher.<br />The IPCC also finally nails the canard of the climate sceptics who argue that global warming is a myth or the result of natural climate variability; natural factors alone cannot account for the observed warming, the IPCC says. "These changes took place at a time when non-anthropogenic forcing factors (i.e. the sum of solar and volcanic forcing) would be expected to have produced cooling, not warming.<br />"There is increased confidence that natural internal variability cannot account for the observed changes, due in part to improved studies demonstrating that the warming occurred in both oceans and atmosphere, together with observed ice mass losses."<br />The report, the first draft of which was formulated last year, will be made public on Friday in Paris.<br /><br />Key findings of the IPCC's fourth assessment report<br /><br />* Global temperatures continue to rise with 11 of the 12 warmest years since 1850 occurring since 1995. Computer models suggest a further rise of about 3C by 2100, with a 6C rise a distant possibility<br />* It is virtually certain (there is more than a 99 per cent probability) that carbon dioxide levels and global warming is far above the range of natural variability over the past 650,000 years<br />* It is virtually certain that human activity has played the dominant role in causing the increase of greenhouse gases over the past 250 years<br />* Man-made emissions of atmospheric aerosol pollutants have tended to counteract global warming, which otherwise would have been significantly worse<br />* The net effect of human activities over the past 250 years has very likely exerted a warming influence on the climate<br />* It is likely that human activity is also responsible for other observed changes to the Earth's climate system, such as ocean warming and the melting of the Arctic sea ice<br />* Sea levels will continue to rise in the 21st Century because of the thermal expansion of the oceans and loss of land ice<br />* The projected warming of the climate due to increases in carbon dioxide during the 21st Century is likely to cause the total melting of the Greenland ice sheet during the next 1,000 years, according to some computer forecasting models<br />* The warm Gulf Stream of the North Atlantic is likely to slow down during the 21st Century because of global warming and the melting of the freshwater locked up in the Greenland ice sheet. But no models predict the collapse of that warm current by 2100.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-35494940.post-40686327640345639802007-01-30T18:29:00.000+00:002007-01-30T18:29:00.000+00:00guardate che ho trovato nella rete...
Luigi
Clima...guardate che ho trovato nella rete...<br />Luigi<br /><br />Climastory:<br /> aperta a Parigi la conferenza dell’Ipcc, la Terra si riscalda oltre ogni previsione<br /> Parigi, 29 gennaio – Si è aperta oggi a Parigi il primo meeting mondiale degli esperti del Comitato intergovernativo delle Nazioni Unite sui cambiamenti climatici (Ipcc) con i riflettori sull’emergenza clima su tutto il Pianeta. Il cambiamento, in questi ultimi anni, e' in fase di progressiva accelerazione. Queste le conclusioni cui sarebbe arrivato l'Ipcc secondo le anticipazioni nel rapporto che verrà presentato ufficialmente venerdì a Parigi dove è cominciata questa mattina all'Unesco la riunione degli esperti dei diversi paesi che dovranno definire il rapporto sul riscaldamento del Pianeta. Secondo le indiscrezioni circolate e pubblicate sul quotidiano britannico “The Indipendent”, gli esperti prevedono da qui a fine secolo un aumento della temperatura compresa tra i 2 e i 4,5 gradi con un raddoppio delle concentrazioni di CO2 al 2100 rispetto all'era pre-industriale (550 parti per milione). Sul piatto anche un'ipotesi massima di un innalzamento di 6 gradi. Sul fronte mare, al 2100 il livello aumenterà mediamente tra i 28 ed i 43 cm nella migliore delle ipotesi. Cattive notizie per i ghiacci. La calotta polare artica (quella formata dai ghiacci galleggianti) potrebbe, nel 2100, scomparire durante i mesi estivi o comunque ridursi al 10% della attuale estensione. Drastiche riduzioni si avrebbero anche per i ghiacciai delle catene montuose poste alle medie e basse latitudini con ripercussioni sulla disponibilità di acqua nei bacini idrologici e nelle falde acquifere dipendenti da tali ghiacciai.<br />L'aumento della temperatura fa aumentare l'evaporazione di oceani e mari. Di conseguenza si infittisce nell'atmosfera la coltre di vapore acqueo, che e' un potente agente responsabile dell'effetto-serra. Dal 170 a oggi, la concentrazione di vapore acqueo e' aumentata del 4 per cento. Tutti i modelli climatici esaminati dai 2.000 esperti coinvolti nello studio indicano poi che il surriscaldamento globale indebolisce le capacita' del pianeta di assorbire l'anidride carbonica in eccesso.<br />Questo potrebbe accrescere del 44 per cento le concentrazioni di CO2 nell'atmosfera, con l'effetto di un aumento della temperatura media di 1,2 gradi in piu' del previsto nel corso del secolo.<br /><br />Leggi di seguito l’articolo pubblicato su The Indipendent<br /><br />Global Warming: The vicious circle<br /><br />By Steve Connor, Science Editor <br />Published: 29 January 2007 <br /><br />The effects of man-made emissions of carbon dioxide are being felt on every inhabited continent in the world with very different parts of the climate now visibly responding to human activity. <br />These are among the main findings of the most intensive study of climate change by 2,000 of the world's leading climate scientists. They conclude that there is now little doubt that human activity is changing the face of the planet.<br />In addition to rising surface temperatures around the world, scientists have now linked man-made emissions of greenhouse gases to significant increases in ocean temperatures, rises in sea levels and the dramatic melting of Arctic sea ice over the past 35 years.<br />A draft copy of the fourth report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) says that global temperature rises this century of between 2C and 4.5C are almost inevitable. Ominously, however, it also says that much higher increases of 6C "or more" cannot be ruled out.<br />The final version of the IPCC's latest report is to be published on Friday but a draft copy, seen by The Independent, makes it clear that climate change could be far worse than previously thought because of potentially disastrous "positive" feedbacks which could accelerate rising temperatures.<br />A warmer world is increasing evaporation from the oceans causing atmospheric concentrations of water vapour, a powerful greenhouse agent, to have increased by 4 per cent over the sea since 1970. Water vapour in the atmosphere exacerbates the greenhouse effect. This is the largest positive feedback identified in the report, which details for the first time the IPCC's concern over the uncertainties - and dangers - of feedback cycles that may quickly accelerate climate change.<br />All the climate models used by the IPCC also found that rising global temperatures will erode the planet's natural ability to absorb man-made CO2. This could lead to CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere rising by a further 44 per cent, causing global average temperatures to increase by an additional 1.2C by 2100. The IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report will go further than any of its three previous reports in linking the clear signs of global climate change with increases in man-made emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases since the start of the Industrial Revolution.<br />"Confidence in the assessment of the human contributions to recent climate change has increased considerably since the TAR [Third Assessment Report]," says the draft report. This is due to the stronger signs of climate change emerging from longer and more detailed records and scientific observations, it says.<br />The "anthropogenic signal" - the visible signs of human influence on the climate - has now emerged not just in global average surface temperatures, but in global ocean temperatures and ocean heat content, temperature extremes on the land and the rapidly diminishing Arctic sea ice. "Anthropogenic warming of the climate system is widespread and can be detected in temperature observations taken at the surface, in the free atmosphere and in the oceans," the draft report says. "It is highly likely [greater than 95 per cent probability] that the warming observed during the past half century cannot be explained without external forcing [human activity]."<br />The report adds that global warming over the past 50 years would have been worse had it not been for the counterbalancing influence of man-made emissions of aerosol pollutants, tiny airborne particles that reflect sunlight to cause atmospheric cooling. "Without the cooling effect of atmospheric aerosols, it is likely that greenhouse gases alone would have caused more global mean temperature rise than that observed during the last 50 years," the draft report says.<br />"The hypothetical removal from the atmosphere of the entire current burden of anthropogenic sulphate aerosol particles would produce a rapid increase of about 0.8C within a decade or two in the globally averaged temperature."<br />The IPCC says that over the coming century we are likely to see big changes to the Earth's climate system. These include:<br />* Heat waves, such as the one that affected southern Europe in summer 2003, are expected to be more intense, longer-lasting and more frequent.<br />* Tropical storms and hurricanes are likely to be stronger, with increased rainfall and higher storm surges flooding coastlines.<br />* The Arctic is likely to become ice free in the summer, and there will be continued melting of mountain glaciers, ice caps and ice sheets.<br />* Sea levels will rise significantly even if levels of CO2 are stabilised. By 2100 sea levels could be 0.43 metres higher on average than present, and by 2300 they could be up to 0.8 metres higher.<br />The IPCC also finally nails the canard of the climate sceptics who argue that global warming is a myth or the result of natural climate variability; natural factors alone cannot account for the observed warming, the IPCC says. "These changes took place at a time when non-anthropogenic forcing factors (i.e. the sum of solar and volcanic forcing) would be expected to have produced cooling, not warming.<br />"There is increased confidence that natural internal variability cannot account for the observed changes, due in part to improved studies demonstrating that the warming occurred in both oceans and atmosphere, together with observed ice mass losses."<br />The report, the first draft of which was formulated last year, will be made public on Friday in Paris.<br /><br />Key findings of the IPCC's fourth assessment report<br /><br />* Global temperatures continue to rise with 11 of the 12 warmest years since 1850 occurring since 1995. Computer models suggest a further rise of about 3C by 2100, with a 6C rise a distant possibility<br />* It is virtually certain (there is more than a 99 per cent probability) that carbon dioxide levels and global warming is far above the range of natural variability over the past 650,000 years<br />* It is virtually certain that human activity has played the dominant role in causing the increase of greenhouse gases over the past 250 years<br />* Man-made emissions of atmospheric aerosol pollutants have tended to counteract global warming, which otherwise would have been significantly worse<br />* The net effect of human activities over the past 250 years has very likely exerted a warming influence on the climate<br />* It is likely that human activity is also responsible for other observed changes to the Earth's climate system, such as ocean warming and the melting of the Arctic sea ice<br />* Sea levels will continue to rise in the 21st Century because of the thermal expansion of the oceans and loss of land ice<br />* The projected warming of the climate due to increases in carbon dioxide during the 21st Century is likely to cause the total melting of the Greenland ice sheet during the next 1,000 years, according to some computer forecasting models<br />* The warm Gulf Stream of the North Atlantic is likely to slow down during the 21st Century because of global warming and the melting of the freshwater locked up in the Greenland ice sheet. But no models predict the collapse of that warm current by 2100.Anonymousnoreply@blogger.com